Investigation-Triggered Trade Instruments

This Thread tracks investigation-triggered trade instruments. These policies resemble traditional trade remedies but they operate outside WTO disciplines (i.e. no multilateral framework defines what counts as injury, what evidence is required, or how remedies are calibrated). Examples include US Sections 301 and 232, China's Trade Barriers Investigation regulation, and the EU's Trade Barriers Regulation. Documented measures are identified based on the underlying legal instrument. This collection covers all relevant investigations launched since 2017, reported on the GTA database.